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Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) German philosopher

Concepts without perceptions are empty; perceptions without concepts are blind.

¶ (Attributed)

It is not God's will merely that we should be happy, but that we should make ourselves happy.

¶ (Attributed)

There is, therefore, only one categorical imperative. It is: Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.

Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Sec. 2 (1785)

trans. Lewis W. Beck (1969) Alternate translations:

  1. I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.
  2. Act only on that maxim which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.
  3. Act as if the maxim of thy action were to become by thy will a universal law of nature.
  4. So act that your principle of action might safely be made a law for the whole world.
  5. May you live your life as if the maxim of your actions were to become universal law.
  6. Live your life as though your every act were to become a universal law.
  7. Do not feel forced to act, as you're only willing to act according to your own universal laws. And that's good. For only willful acts are universal. And that's your maxim.

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